Syllabus of computer
Syllabus Class VI
UNIT-I: Introduction to Computer Fundamentals. (5 Hours)
IT Concepts: -Definition of Computers, Characteristics of computer – Speed,
Diligence, Accuracy, Versatility, Storage, Basic Applications of Computers,
Concept of Hardware and Software, Components of computer, Computer
Memory.
UNIT-2: EduBOSS, Text Editor, TuxPaint/Kolorpaint, Calculato r
(30 Hours)
Introduction to EduBOSS:-What is EduBOSS, Starting & Exiting
EduBOSS,Parts of EduBOSS screen, Icons , Types of icons, Taskbar, Activating
Windows, Moving & Scrolling Windows, title bar, Minimize, Maximize & close
Buttons
Running applications:- How to run Application, Running a Application
fromthe Applications Button, Running a Application from Computer.
Text Editor/Gedit- Simple word processing, Creating & Saving adocument,
Entering Text & Editing Document, Formatting Characters, Searching &
Replacing Text, printing your document.
Painting Pictures with TuxPaint/Kolorpaint:—
Introduction to TuxPaint/Kolorpaint:-Opening an existing picture,
startinga new picture, basic painting techniques, setting the foreground
background colors.
Using Painting Tools:-Toolbox, color palette, Curve tool, Rectangle
tool,Brush Tool.
Manipulating areas of pictures..Selecting an area, moving an area,flipping
& rotating Selections, Inverting-Colours, Stretching & Shrinking area zooming
a picture.
Using Calculator:-Performing functions of Calculator.
UNIT-3: OpenOffice Writer, OpenOffice Impress (40 Hours)
OpenOffice Writer:Introduction to Writer, What is Writer Starting
Writer,Getting to know the Writer screen, Creating Documents, Saving
Documents, Using help Exiting Writer
Creating & Editing Text- Opening a document, Selecting & Moving
Text,Editing with Cut, Copy & Paste, Undo & Redo, Spell check, Using Find,
Replace & Go, To.
Formatting Text:-Font Level Formatting.
OpenOffice Impress:-Introduction to Impress, What is Impress,
startingImpress, creating and o p ening a presentation, Impress views,
moving between slides, saving/ closing a presentation, exiting Impress,
Creating a new presentation using the auto content wizard and slide layout.
Formatting Presentation:-changing the text formats, adding
bullets,aligning text.
UNIT-4: Introduction to Internet (5 Hours)
What is Internet, History of Internet, Advantages of Internet.
UNIT-5: Typing Practice (10 Hours )
Hands on Experience for Typing practice.
Syllabus Class VII
unit-1: Introduction to Computer Fundamentals. (10 Hours)
IT Concepts: -Definition of Computers, Characteristics of computer – Speed,
Diligence, Accuracy, Versatility, Storage, Basic Applications of Computers,
Concept of Hardware and Software, Components of computer.
Hardware and software, Computer Memory – Primary, secondary, RAM & ROM,
units of memory, Input/output devices.
unit-2: Introduction to EduBOSS and its Accessories (15 Hours)
Basic components of EduBOSS, Icons, types of icons, Taskbar, Moving &
Scrolling Windows, Using your desktop, title bar, Minimize, Maximize & close
Buttons, Running Applications.
Exploring your Computer:- Managing files & folders, creating folders, finding
files & folders, opening & renaming files & folders, copying, deleting and
moving files & folders.
Painting Pictures With TuxPaint/Kolorpaint:-
Introduction to TuxPaint/Kolorpaint :- Opening an existing picture, starting a
new picture, basic painting techniques, Setting the foreground & background
colors.
Using Painting Tools:-Tool box, color palette, Curve tool, Rectangle tool, Brush
Tool. Manipulating areas of pictures:-Selecting an area, Moving an area,
flipping & rotating Selections, Inverting Colors, Stretching & Shrinking area,
Zooming a picture.
UNIT-3: Open Office Writer, Impress, Calc (50 Hours) OpenOffice
Writer:
Creating & Editing Text:- Opening a document, Selecting & Moving Text,
Editing with Cut, Copy & Paste, Undo & Redo, Spell Check
Formatting Text: – Font Level Formatting, Aligning Text, Working with
Tabs, Indents, Change Case, Bullets and Numbering, line spacing.
Working with tables: Creating a table, adding text to tables, adding/ deleting
rows and columns, resizing rows and columns, deleting a table.Inserting
FontworkGallary, Page Setting and Printing.
OpenOffice Impress: –
Creating a Presentation: – creating a new presentation using different layouts,
changing the text formats, adding bullets, aligning text.
Customizing Presentation: – Formatting Slides Using Color Schemes,
Background Color and Special Effects, Background Styles, Adding
Pictures/Graphics on Slide, Adding Header and Footer, Slide show.
OpenOfficeCalc: –
Introduction to Calc, What is Calc, Starting Calc, Opening a Spreadsheet,
Getting to know the Calc Screen, moving around the Calc Screen,
saving/closing of a Spreadsheet, opening a recently used Spreadsheet, Getting
help with the office assistant, Exiting Calc.
Creating & Editing Spreadsheet:- Creating New Spreadsheets, Entering Data,
Selecting, Moving & Deleting Cells, Cut ,Copy, Paste, using undo, redo, Find &
Replace.
UNIT 4: Introduction to Internet. (5 Hours )
What is Internet, History of Internet, Advantages of Internet, World Wide
Web, Email, web browser, types of Internet Access, basics of net-safety,
search information.
U NIT 5:- Typing Practice (10 Hours)
Hands on Experience for Typing practice.
Syllabus Class VIII
unit — 1: Introduction to Computer Fundamentals. (12 Hours )
IT Concepts: -Definition of Computers, Characteristics of computer –
Speed, Diligence, Accuracy, Versatility, Storage. Basic Applications of
Computers, Concept of Hardware and Software, Components of computer.
Hardware and software, Computer Memory – Primary, secondary, RAM &
ROM, units of memory, Input/output devices.
Classification of Software, Operating System and its functions, history of
computers and its generations.
UNIT 2 Introduction to EduBOSS and its Accessories (15 Hours)
Exploring your Computer: – Managing files & folders, creating folders,
finding files & folders, opening & renaming files & folders, copying &
moving files & folders. Setting date and time, control centre, display
properties:-background, Themes, Fonts. Revision tour of
TuxPaint/KolorPaint&Gedit.
UNIT 3: Open Office Writer, Impress, Calc (50 Hours)
Open Office Writer:Creating & Editing Text:-Opening a
document,Selecting & Moving Text, Editing with Cut, Copy & Paste, Undo &
Redo, Spell Check
Formatting Text: – Font Level Formatting, Aligning Text, bullets and
numbering, border and shading, change case, Working with Tabs, Indents
& Spacing, Formatting paragraphs, Format Painter.
Working with tables: Creating a table, adding text to tables, adding/deleting
rows and columns, resizing rows and columns, deleting a table, splitting and
merging cells.
Inserting elements:- page numbers, headers and footers, date and time,
pictures and hyperlinks. Font Gallary, Spell check, using help, Page Setting
and Printing.
OpenOffice Impress: –
Creating a Presentation: – creating a new presentation, using the auto
content wizard, changing the text formats, adding bullets, aligning text.
Customizing Presentation: -Using templates, selecting a slide layout, using
undo, redo, changing slide layouts, adding clip art to your presentation,
adding charts of different types to slide, organization chart, Background
colour/ designs to slides. Using slide transition:-giving timing, sound and
adding animations to slides and using preset animations.
OpenOfficeCalc: –
Creating & Editing Spreadsheet:- Creating New Spreadsheet, Saving,
Closing and Opening Spreadsheets, Entering Data, Selecting, Moving &
Deleting Cells, Cut ,Copy, Paste, using undo, redo, Find & Replace, Entering
Formulas.
Formatting Spreadsheet:-Adjusting column and row sizes, changing cell
alignments, using number formatting
Viewing, Drawing & Printing:- Viewing the Spreadsheet, Adding
headers & footers, working with page setup, setting a print area, using
print preview & printing.
unit 4: Internet (8 Hours)
Internet, History of Internet, Advantages of Internet, Requirements of
Internet, World Wide Web, web browser, types of Internet Access, basics of
net-safety, search information, Services on the web- E-mail, Newsgroups,
FTP, Search Engines.
unit 5:- Typing Practice (5 Hours)
Hands on Experience for Typing practice.
Syllabus Class IX
unit — 1: Introduction to Computer Fundamentals. (12 Hours )
IT Concepts: -Definition of Computers, Characteristics of computer –
Speed, Diligence, Accuracy, Versatility, Storage, Basic Applications of
Computers, Concept of Hardware and Software, Components of computer.
Hardware and software, Computer Memory – Primary, secondary, RAM &
ROM, units of memory, Input/output devices.
Classification of Software, Operating System and its functions, history of
computers and its generations
Classification of computers, Computer Languages- Machine Language,
Assembly Language and High Level Language, Role of Assembler and
Compiler.
UNIT 2 :-OpenOfficeWriter,Impress,Calc, Base (60 Hours) OpenOffice
Writer:
Formatting Text: -Font Level Formatting, Aligning Text, bullet
andnumbering, border and shading, change case, Working with Tabs,
Indents & Spacing, Formatting paragraphs.
Working with tables:Creating a table, adding text to
tables,adding/deleting rows and columns, resizing rows and columns,
deleting a table, splitting and merging cells.
Inserting elements:-page numbers, headers and footers, date
andtime, pictures and hyperlinks. Mail merge, Envelopes and Labels.
OpenOffice Impress: –
Creating a Presentation: -creating a new presentation, usingthe auto
content wizard, changing the text formats, adding bullets, aligning text,
Using different Layouts, Using Drawing Toolbar, Inserting Graphs and
Organization Charts.
Customizing Presentation:-Using templates, selecting a slidelayout,
using undo, redo, changing slide layouts, adding clip art to your
presentation, Background color/designs to slides, Slide Master View.
Using slide transition:-giving timing, sound and adding animationsto
slides and using preset animations.
Custom Animation-Animating pictures and Text with Sound effects.
OpenOfficeCalc: –
Creating & Editing Spreadsheets:- Creating New Spreadsheet, Entering
Data, Selecting, Moving & Deleting Cells, Cut ,Copy, Paste, using undo,
redo, Find & Replace, Using Formulas, Inserting and Deleting rows and
columns, Cell referencing, Sorting of Data.
Formatting Spreadsheet:-Formatting Rows and Columns, changing
cell alignments, using number formatting
Viewing, Drawing & Printing:-Viewing the Spreadsheet,
Addingheaders & footers, working with page setup, setting a print
area, using print preview & printing. Working with graphs.
Openoffice Base:-
Introduction to Base, What is data, Starting Base, opening a database file,
Introduction to the database Window, getting to know the Base screen,
Saving & Closing a database file, Using the help menu, Exiting Access.
unit 3: Networking and Internet (8 Hours)
What is a network, Advantages of network, Differentiate between LAN,
WAN and MAN, Internet and its History, Advantages of Internet,
Requirements of Internet, World Wide Web, web browser, types of
Internet Access, basics of net-safety, search information, Services on the
web- E-mail, Newsgroups, FTP, Search Engines, Chat, E- Commerce.
unit 4:- Project Work (10 Hours)
Syllabus Class X
unit — 1: Introduction to Computer Fundamentals. (8 Hours )
IT Concepts: -Definition of Computers, Characteristics of computer – Speed,
Diligence, Accuracy, Versatility, Storage. Basic Applications of Computers,
Concept of Hardware and Software, Components of computer.
Hardware and software, Computer Memory – Primary, secondary, RAM &
ROM, units of memory, Input/output devices.
Classification of Software, Operating System and its functions, history of
computers and its generations
Classification of computers, Computer Languages- Machine Language,
Assembly Language and High Level Language, Role of Assembler and
Compiler.
unit 2 :-OpenOfficeWriter,Impress, Calc, Base (55 Hours)
OpenOffice Writer:-
Formatting Text: -Font Level Formatting, Aligning Text, bullet
andnumbering, border and shading, change case, Working with Tabs,
Indents & Spacing, Formatting paragraphs.
Working with tables:Creating a table, adding text to
tables,adding/deleting rows and columns, resizing rows and columns,
deleting a table, splitting and merging cells.
Inserting elements:-page numbers, headers and footers, date andtime,
pictures and hyperlinks.
Mail merge, printing labels and envelopes
OpenOffice Impress:-
customizing Presentation:- Using templates, selecting a slide
layout,using undo, redo, changing slide layouts, adding clip art to your
presentation, Background colour/designs to slides.
Using slide transition:-giving timing, sound and adding animations
inslides and using preset animations, custom animations.
OpenOfficeCalc: –
Creating & Editing spreadsheet:-Working with spreadsheet,
Enteringnumbers, text, Date/Time, Series Using Autofill, Editing the
worksheet, Inserting/Deleting rows, columns and cells.
Formatting Workbooks:-Formatting spreadsheet including change
color,size, font, Formatting of rows, columns and cells.
Viewing, Drawing & Printing:-Viewing the spreadsheet, Addingheaders
& footers, working with page setup, setting a print area, using print preview
& printing. Using Formulas and Functions such as Sum(), Averaged(),
Max(), Min(), If(). Embedded charts of various types-Line, Pie, Scatter, Bar
and Area in spreadsheet.
OpenOffice Base:-Starting Base, opening a database file, Introductionto
the database Window, getting to know the Base screen, Saving & Closing a
database file, Using the help menu, Exiting Access.
Working with databases :-Using the Database Wizard, working with
datasheets, moving between record & files, using go to, updating records,
Selecting Rows & Columns, changing Column Width, Saving a data sheet,
Exiting datasheet.
Working with tables:- Creating a new database, Adding tables
todatabase, adding fields to tables, inserting a field, setting a primary key,
saving a table, adding & sorting Records, Setting Relationships.
unit 3: – Introduction to HTML and Internet (17 Hours)
HTML:- Terms and Concepts, web browser, document tags, formatting tags,
lists, Linking web pages, working with images.
Internet: – What is Internet, Advantages of internet, Network Architecture,
History of Internet, E-Mail, Word wide web, File transfer Protocol, Utilities.
unit 4: Project Work (10 Hours)
Syllabus Class XI
unit-1: Overview of Fundamentals, OpenOffice Writer, Impress, C alc.
(26 Hours)
unit — 2: Introduction to programming logic and techniques.
(10 Hours)
Constants, variables, data types, keywords, identifiers, relational and logical
operators, arithmetic operators, do case and endcase, IF and NESTED IF,
Introduction to loop – FOR Loop, while loop, do while loop, until loop,
Flowcharts, pseudocodes, algorithms
unit -3: Number System & Boolean Algebra (6 Hours)
Introduction to binary, octal, decimal & hexadecimal no. system,
Conversions of one no. system to another no.System, binary addition,
subtraction, multiplication & division.l’s complement & 2’s complement.
UNIT 4 :-Fundamentals of C (30 Hours)
History of C language, keywords, identifiers, variables and data types in C
Simple C Program, compiling C Program.Decision making in C.
Loops- Do-While 0, While 0 and For 0
UNIT 5: Networking Concepts and Internet (8 Hours)
Types of networks, need of networks, Internet and its use, LAN, WAN and
MAN, Internet, History of Internet, Advantages of Internet, E-mail, Terms
used in Internet www, URL, Web Page and browser, Addressing Systems,
Hyperlinks, Hypertext, Home Page, Using Search Engine.
unit 6: Project Work (10 Hours)
Syllabus Class XII
unit -1: Overview of Fundamentals, OpenOffice Writer, Impress, C alc.
(20 Hours)
U nit -2: Overview of networking concepts and Internet.
(10 Hours)
unit-3: Programming in C (40 Hours)
History of C language, keywords, identifiers, variables and data types in C
Simple C Program, compiling C Program. Decision making in C
Loops- Do-While (), While () and For
() If… Else
Arrays and Functions
Introduction to pointers
Structures and unions.
File management in C
unit 4: Introduction to Software Engineering (10 Hours)
System development life cycle
Phases of system development
Initiation, analysis, development, testing, maintenance
unit 5: Project in C Language (10 Hours)
Excel Keyboard Shortcuts
To see source of keyboard-shortcut please click here
Before we get started, take out a small screwdriver or key and pop off the F1, Scroll Lock, and Insert keys from your keyboard and store them in a safe place. You should never need them again, and you won’t be a modeling bad-ass until you perform this critical step.
There are many Excel keyboard shortcuts, but we focus here only on those you might actually use and benefit from. In some cases there is more than one shortcut for a given action or command. Note that these shortcuts apply to Excel 2003 (Windows) and earlier, since most companies have not yet transitioned to a newer version. That said, many of these shortcuts work in Excel 2007 as well.
While there are several shortcuts that can be used to apply number formats, these default formats are rarely suitable for use in professional-looking financial models. Therefore, you won’t find a discussion of these shortcuts here. You may want to install a third-party macro (or build your own) to create shortcuts for the custom number formats you require, if your employer has not already installed such a macro on your work computer.
Each shortcut is assigned a “utility”, which represents the shortcut’s time-saving potential and expected frequency of use on a scale of 1 to 5.
Basic Shortcuts
Navigation
Selection
Manipulation
SQL SERVER HELP QUERY
SQL SERVER HELP QUERY
Insert data from one database to another
INSERT into DB_Glass_Cal2.dbo.tbl_Certificate
SELECT AutoNo ,ItemCode,ItemName,CheckedBy,ProductCodeNo,ActualCapacityStr,DeliveryTime,’A’ as Class_id,Dated,(cast(YearNo as Varchar(50))+’/’+cast(CodeNo as Varchar(50)))as certificate_no FROM DB_Access_Glass_Cal.dbo.Calibration
To Create a Table From one database to another with same data
select * into NEW DATABASE.dbo.New Table from OLD DATABASE.dbo.OLD Table
the second query is this when user has already same table and same column name in a table in other database and user want to enter the new record in a table. Then this query will be helpful for those.
INSERT into DB_Glass_Cal2.dbo.tbl_Certificate select * from DB_Glass_Cal.dbo.tbl_Certificate
Second Heighest Salary
select * from emp where esal =(select max(esal) from emp where esal<(select max(esal) from emp))
Second Minimum Salary
select * from emp where esal=(select min(esal) from emp where esal>(select min(esal) from emp))
To Concatination Two Column in a Single Column
select (cast(YearNo as varchar(50)) + ‘/’ + cast(CodeNo as varchar(50))) as years from Calibration
To Display all Data Type in Sqlserver
select distinct (name) from sys.types
How to Create Serial No. through sql Query.
select row_number() over(order by eid) as serialNo,eid,ename,eaddress from tbl_Employee1
How display All DataBase through SQL QUERY?
SELECT name FROM sys.databases
SELECT name FROM sys.sysdatabases
How to create trigger?
jab ek user apne database record ko safe banana chahata hai jaise ki koi bhi unknown person database me change karta hai to oosake dadabase ko koi bhi change na kar paye to vo kaam trigger ke through ho sakta hai. Agar koi bhi database me kisi prakar ki changing karta haito oosaka record kisi dusare table me save ho jaye. Or oosaki jankari admin ko bhi mil jaye. To isake liye hai ye example:à
Create trigger trigger_insertnewrecord_in_othertable on tbl_employee1
After insert, update,delete
Begin
Insert into tbl_employee2(eid,ename,eaddress)(select ename,eaddress,eid from deleted)
End
How to truncate table when foreign Key is used in the Tables?
Answer:à
Delete from tbl_ProductMaster
DBCC checkident (‘dbo.tbl_ProductMaster’,RESEED,0)
Q.:à How to Encrypt the Password through Insert Query/Store Procedure?
Answer:àCreate Procedure SP_InsertUser
(
@UName varchar(50),
@Password varchar(50),
@Email varchar(50),
@phone varchar(50)
)
As
BEGIN
Insert into tbl_User Values(@UName,ENCRYPTBYPASSPHRASS(‘12’,@Password),@Email,@phone)
END
GO
Q.:à How to DECRYPT the Password through Insert Query/Store Procedure?
Answer:àcreate procedure SP_DECRIPT_DisplayUser
()
AS
BEGIN
Select UserID,UserName,convert(varchar(10),DECRYPTBYPASSPHRASE(‘12’,password))As Password,Email,Phone)
END
GO
Q.:à How to use pivot in a displaying a data in a tables ?
Answer:à SQL SERVER – PIVOT and UNPIVOT Table Examples
Pivots in SQL Server 2005 can rotate a table, i.e. they can turn rows into columns. PIVOTs are frequently used in reports, and they are reasonably simple to work with. However, I’ve seen quite a few questions about this operator. Most questions were about the column list in the PIVOT statement. This list is fixed, but many times the new columns are determined by the report at a later stage. This problem is easily solved when we mix pivots with dynamic SQL, so here is a very simple example about how to dynamically generate the pivot statement:
PIVOT allows you to turn data rows into columns. For example, if you have a table like this (I use only three months here for simplicity):
— Creating Test Table
CREATE TABLE Product(Cust VARCHAR(25), Product VARCHAR(20), QTY INT)
GO
— Inserting Data into Table
INSERT INTO Product(Cust, Product, QTY)
VALUES(‘KATE’,’VEG’,2)
INSERT INTO Product(Cust, Product, QTY)
VALUES(‘KATE’,’SODA’,6)
INSERT INTO Product(Cust, Product, QTY)
VALUES(‘KATE’,’MILK’,1)
INSERT INTO Product(Cust, Product, QTY)
VALUES(‘KATE’,’BEER’,12)
INSERT INTO Product(Cust, Product, QTY)
VALUES(‘FRED’,’MILK’,3)
INSERT INTO Product(Cust, Product, QTY)
VALUES(‘FRED’,’BEER’,24)
INSERT INTO Product(Cust, Product, QTY)
VALUES(‘KATE’,’VEG’,3)
GO
— Selecting and checking entires in table
SELECT *
FROM Product
GO
— Pivot Table ordered by PRODUCT
SELECT PRODUCT, FRED, KATE
FROM (
SELECT CUST, PRODUCT, QTY
FROM Product) up
PIVOT (SUM(QTY) FOR CUST IN (FRED, KATE)) AS pvt
ORDER BY PRODUCT
GO
— Pivot Table ordered by CUST
SELECT CUST, VEG, SODA, MILK, BEER, CHIPS
FROM (
SELECT CUST, PRODUCT, QTY
FROM Product) up
PIVOT (SUM(QTY) FOR PRODUCT IN (VEG, SODA, MILK, BEER, CHIPS)) AS pvt
ORDER BY CUST
GO
— Unpivot Table ordered by CUST
SELECT CUST, PRODUCT, QTY
FROM
(
SELECT CUST, VEG, SODA, MILK, BEER, CHIPS
FROM (
SELECT CUST, PRODUCT, QTY
FROM Product) up
PIVOT
( SUM(QTY) FOR PRODUCT IN (VEG, SODA, MILK, BEER, CHIPS)) AS pvt) p
UNPIVOT
(QTY FOR PRODUCT IN (VEG, SODA, MILK, BEER, CHIPS)
) AS Unpvt
GO
how to get Current Months Name/Day Name through sql server2005-08 query?
Answer :à
Select datename(month,getdate())as ‘Month Name’
Select datename(dw,getdate()) as ‘Days Name’
Duplicate multiple conditions
set ANSI_NULLS ON
set QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
go
ALTER PROCEDURE SP_UpdateCountry
(
@cntid int,
@cntname varchar(50),
@isdcode int
)
AS
declare @OutRes int
declare @OutRes1 int
set @OutRes=(select cntid from tbcountry where cntname=@cntname)
if(@OutRes is null or @OutRes=@cntid)
begin
set @OutRes1=(select cntid from tbcountry where isdcode=@isdcode)
if(@OutRes1 is null or @OutRes1=@cntid)
begin
update tbcountry set cntname=@cntname,isdcode=@isdcode where cntid=@cntid
return 1
end
else
begin
return 2
end
end
else
begin
return -1
end
websites for oracle and linux
http://www.orafaq.com/wiki/Oracle_database_Backup_and_Recovery_FAQ#Why_and_when_should_I_backup_my_database.3F
———————————————-
http://www.oracledba.org/index.html
This is useful for installing database on different o/s and configure asm and etc.
—————————————————————
http://www.databasejournal.com/features/article.php/3593471/Oracle-Series.htm
———————-
http://www.datadisk.co.uk/html_docs/oracle/rman.htm
this is for rman
—————————-
——————————————-
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/appdev.111/b31695/intro.htm
——————————————————————————-
http://etutorials.org/SQL/Mastering+Oracle+SQL/Chapter+9.+DECODE+and+CASE
/9.1+DECODE+NULLIF+NVL+and+NVL2/
—————————————————————————
–
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B10501_01/appdev.920/a96624/c_wrap.htm
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/appdev.111/b28370/wrap.htm
Now sites for linux
http://ankrose.blogspot.in/2011/08/recover-deleted-datafile-on-linux-using.html
http://oracleinstance.blogspot.in/2010/08/ora-29702-error-occurred-in-cluster.html
http://oracleinstance.blogspot.in/2010/09/sysaux-datafile-or-tablespace-corrupted.html
http://oracleinstance.blogspot.in/2010/08/ora-00283-ora-00314-ora-00312-error-and.html
example of cursor and function
create or replace
function delete_emp1s(dept in number) return number as
begin
delete emp11
where emp11.deptno = dept;
return sql%rowcount;
end;
/
create or replace function delete_emp1s
(dept in number) return number as
pragma autonomous_transaction;
return_value number;
begin
delete from emp1
where emp1.deptno = dept;
return_value := sql%rowcount;
—-commit;
return return_value;
end;
/
SELECT a.ename, a.sal, a.deptno, b.maxsal
FROM emp a,
( SELECT deptno, max(sal) maxsal
FROM emp
GROUP BY deptno ) b
WHERE a.deptno = b.deptno
AND a.sal= b.maxsal;
CREATE OR REPLACE procedure emp_disp1(DNO EMP.DEPTNO%TYPE)
is
CURSOR CN(DNO1 NUMBER) IS SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO =
DNO;
CV CN%ROWTYPE;
begin
IF CN%ISOPEN THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘CURSOR ALREADY OPEN’);
ELSE
OPEN CN(DNO);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘CURSOR OPEN NOW’);
END IF;
FETCH CN INTO CV;
WHILE CN%FOUND LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(’employee
id’||’ ‘||CV.EMPNO||’ employee
name’||’ ‘||CV.Ename||’ employee
managerid’||’ ‘||CV.mgr||’employee
salary’||’ ‘||CV.sal||’ eEMPLOYEE DEPT
ID’||CV.DEPTNO);
FETCH CN INTO CV;
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘NUMBER OF FETCHES IS ‘||CN%ROWCOUNT);
CLOSE CN;
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line(‘record not existed’);
when too_many_rows then
dbms_output.put_line(‘record not existed’);
end;
/
dbms_job
Introduction to DBMS_JOB
by Sandeep lather and Alex Gaethofs <Alex.Gaethofs@elia.be>, Database Administrator
Overview
It is possible to setup a kind of automatic batch that would be lauched every night in order to clean up tables using truncate-statements to avoid useless redo log creation.
This month, Alex Gaethofs introduces how to perform nightly clean up jobs while introducing the DBMS_JOB package.
DBMS_JOB
DBMS_JOB is an Oracle PL/SQL package provided to users. It is available with PL/SQL 2.2 and higher. DBMS_JOB allows a user to schedule a job to run at a specified time. A job is submitted to a job queue and runs at the specified time. The user can also input a parameter that specifies how often the job should run. A job can consist of any PL/SQL code.
To run jobs using DBMS_JOB you have to specify two parameters in the init.ora of the database :
# Simultaneous job listeners for running batch jobs (every 2 minutes=120)
JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=10
JOB_QUEUE_INTERVAL=120
Remember restarting the instance after modifying the init.ora.
SNP processes run in the background and implement database snapshots and job queues. Without an SNP process (JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES = 0) the DBMS_JOB package cannot run automatically.
Setup
Step 1 : Connect to the database as application-owner.
In the example below, “ALEX” is the owner of the schema.
Step 2 : Create a package called “Batch_Job”
Package Specification
——————————–
PACKAGE Batch_Job IS
PROCEDURE submit(
p_job OUT INTEGER,
p_what IN VARCHAR2,
p_next_date IN DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE,
p_interval IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT ‘null’,
p_no_parse IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE
);
PROCEDURE remove(p_job IN INTEGER);
PROCEDURE disable_constraint(p_table_name IN VARCHAR2, p_constraint_name IN VARCHAR2);
PROCEDURE truncate_table(p_table_name IN VARCHAR2);
PROCEDURE enable_constraint(p_table_name IN VARCHAR2, p_constraint_name IN VARCHAR2);
PROCEDURE run_daily_morning_job;
END Batch_Job;
Package Body
———————
PACKAGE BODY Batch_Job IS
l_job NUMBER := 0;
PROCEDURE submit(
p_job OUT INTEGER,
p_what IN VARCHAR2,
p_next_date IN DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE,
p_interval IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT ‘null’,
p_no_parse IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE
) IS
BEGIN
DBMS_JOB.submit(p_job, p_what, p_next_date,p_interval,p_no_parse);
END submit;
PROCEDURE remove(p_job IN INTEGER) IS
BEGIN
DBMS_JOB.remove(p_job);
END remove;
PROCEDURE disable_constraint(p_table_name IN VARCHAR2, p_constraint_name IN VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE(‘ALTER TABLE ‘||p_table_name||’ DISABLE CONSTRAINT ‘||p_constraint_name);
END disable_constraint;
PROCEDURE truncate_table(p_table_name IN VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE(‘TRUNCATE TABLE ‘||p_table_name);
END truncate_table;
PROCEDURE enable_constraint(p_table_name IN VARCHAR2, p_constraint_name IN VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE(‘ALTER TABLE ‘||p_table_name||’ ENABLE CONSTRAINT ‘||p_constraint_name);
END enable_constraint;
/* Start defining the batch jobs to run */
PROCEDURE run_daily_morning_job IS
BEGIN
Batch_Job.Submit(l_job,’daily_morning_job;’,sysdate,’TRUNC(sysdate)+1+1/288′);
END run_daily_morning_job;
PROCEDURE run_daily_night_job IS
BEGIN
Batch_Job.Submit(l_job,’daily_night_job;’,sysdate,’TRUNC(sysdate)+1+1/288′);
NULL;
END run_daily_night_job;
END Batch_Job;
Step 3 : Create a procedure called “daily_morning_job” :
PROCEDURE daily_morning_job IS
BEGIN
Batch_Job.disable_constraint(‘ALEX_EMP’,’SYS_C001205′);
Batch_Job.truncate_table(‘ALEX_DEPT’);
Batch_Job.truncate_table(‘ALEX_EMP’);
Batch_Job.enable_constraint(‘ALEX_EMP’,’SYS_C001205′);
END;
If someone wants to truncate other tables, he just needs to modify
the procedure “daily_morning_job”, add the necessary
truncate-instructions. The day after, at exactly 00:05,
the updated version of the procedure “daily_morning_job” will run.
As you can see in the package “batch_job”, another job called
“daily_night_job” is almost available. You just have to remove
the remarks and create a procedure “daily_nigh_job”.
Step 4 : Check the view ‘USER_JOBS’ to findout jobs you have submitted
in the job-queue.
SELECT job,what,next_date,next_sec FROM user_jobs;
Summary
How do you submit a DBMS_JOB ?
SQL>DECLARE l_job NUMBER := 0;
SQL>BEGIN
SQL> DBMS_JOB.SUBMIT(l_job,’procedure_name;’,sysdate,TRUNC(sysdate)+1+1/288);
SQL>END;
SQL>/
How do we resubmit our job ?
SQL>EXECUTE batch_job.run_daily_morning_job;
REMEMBER : The first time the job is being run it will run immediately.
The next time the job will run is specified with the interval
parameter of the DBMS_JOB package.
How do you remove a submitted DMBS_JOB ?
SQL>EXECUTE DBMS_JOB.REMOVE(jobno);
Some additional documentation which can help you by setting up a job
mechanisme :
Note 74149.1 : Invoker Rights versus Definer Rights in Oracle 8i
Using PL/SQL Version 2 packages in Developer 2000 (Author : Chris Halioris)
Remove command in linux
Removing Files in Linux with rm
by Sandeep on Sep 14, 2012
Use rm to delete either ordinary files, or directories that have files in them. You must have permission to write to the directory that contains a file if you want to delete that file. To delete an individual file:
rm combined.txt
You can specify more than one file to remove with a single command. Use the “-i” feature to have rm prompt you before removal of each file.
rm -i file1 file2
Use the “-f” switch to remove write-protected files without prompting you. This will “force” the removal.
rm -f file1
And, finally, use “-r” or “-R” to remove a directory along with any of its contents, including any subdirectories. This is a very dangerous command so beware!!!!!
rm -rfv
Practice Using rm and Wildcards
When practicing with the rm command move to a directory where you are less likely to do damage,seriously. Create a test_dir directory and move into the directory to do your work.
mkdir test_dir
cd test_dir
cp /etc/*.conf /home/user_name/test_dir
ls
dovecot.conf libaudit.conf nsswitch.conf updatedb.conf
gpm-root.conf libuser.conf ntp.conf warnquota.conf
host.conf logrotate.conf resolv.conf xinetd.conf
initlog.conf mke2fs.conf sensors.conf yum.conf
jwhois.conf multipath.conf sestatus.conf
krb5.conf named.caching-nameserver.conf sysctl.conf
ld.so.conf nscd.conf syslog.conf
Your list of files may be a little different but you get the picture.
rm k*
You will have deleted all files that start with “k”. Now use the interactive removal. Here you are requred to confirm the removal of each file, safer…but good if it is only a few files.
rm -i l*
rm: remove regular file `ld.so.conf'? y
rm: remove regular file `libao.conf'? n
rm: remove regular file `libaudit.conf'? y
rm: remove regular file `logrotate.conf'? y
Now create an alias that will always ask when you want to remove files, making sure you do not make any mistakes.
cd ~
vi .bashrc
Add the alias.
alias rm='rm -i'
Save and run the source command to make it active immediately.
source .bashrc
cd test_dir
rm m*
rm: remove regular file `mke2fs.conf'? y
rm: remove regular file `mtools.conf'? y
So now you can see the value of creating an alias to keep you out of trouble. But what if you want to remove a group of files without having to say yes to each one, use the “-f” option to force the removal even with the alias.
rm -f r*
Here is another option, what if you are only want to know when you are going to rmeove more that 3 files, use the “-I” switch.
rm -I d*
If there are three or less files to remove, no confirmation will occur. However, if there are more than three files you will need to confirm the removal of all files.
rm -I *.conf
rm: remove all arguments?
linux commands pdf files
LINUX-KACPER ——– this is pdf book of linux commands
linux command ——— This is for some important command of linux
linux command1 —— This is also for some important command in linux
About tablespace and interview question
Interview questions:-
1) Your client assigned a case to create a user exactly similar to that of another user. How you will achive that.
2) The client told you to refresh a schema from one db to another database , how you can do that.
3) Create a database of following specification in command line mode
Name of db wysheid
system tablespace 500 MB
user tablespace 2000 MB
4) whats the difference between big file tablespace and small file tablespace.
5) How to get the ddl for a tablespace and table
6) while ur db is up and running someone deleted ur controlfile , what will happen to ur database
7) Ur online redo logs are accidently got deleted , how u will manage it
How to know the version of ur database
9) U are assigned with task of dropping ur default temporary tablespace , how u will manage it.
10) How to enable automatic growth for the tablespace
11) u are asked to reduce the size of a tablespace without any error . How to make sure that you are giving the correct size in resize command
12) How to set max size for a datafile
13) How to drop a datafile
14) The client told you rename one of the table, how u will do that
15) The client told u to rename the database , how u will do it
16) The client asked to do the capacity planning for next 4 year. How u will do that
17) how u will find out how many users are active in ur system
18) A user session is locked, how to terminate a uuser session
19) Write a shell script to check ur db is up and running and schedule it every 5 mts interval.
20) The client requirement is as follows
On the same server , they want production db and dev db should be running.But they dont want the db who manges development db to do startup and shutdown on the production db
How to manage it
21) Whats oracle inventory and how u will find out the location of oracle inventory
22) Client told to set up a recovery catalog. How u will do that
23) The client told to set up a user for rman backups . How to do that
24) Your alert log file is became huge. How to manage it
25) Your listener log file became usge .How to manage it
Thanks ..
The maximum bigfile (data file) size is calculated by:
Maximum datafile size = db_block_size * maximum number of blocks
The maximum amount of data in an Oracle database is calculated by:
Maximum database size = maximum datafile size * maximum number of datafile
The maximum number of datafiles in Oracle9i and Oracle 10g Database is 65,536. However, the maximum number of blocks in a data file increase from 4,194,304 (4 million) blocks to 4,294,967,296 (4 billion) blocks.
The maximum amount of data for a 32K block size database is eight petabytes (8,192 Terabytes) in Oracle9i.
| BLOCK SIZE | MAXIMUM DATA FILE SIZE | MAXIMUM DATABASE SIZE |
| 32 K | 128 GB | 8,388,608 GB |
| 16 K | 64 GB | 4,194,304 GB |
| 8 K | 32 GB | 2,097,152 GB |
| 4 K | 16 GB | 1,048,579 GB |
| 2 K | 8 GB | 524,288 GB |
Table 3.1: Maximum database size in Oracle9i.
The maximum amount of data for a 32K block size database is eight exabytes (8,388,608 Terabytes) in Oracle 10g.
| BLOCK SIZE | MAXIMUM DATA FILE SIZE | MAXIMUM DATABASE SIZE |
| 32 K | 131,072 GB | 8,589,934,592 GB |
| 16 K | 65,536 GB | 4,294,967,296 GB |
| 8 K | 32,768 GB | 2,147,483,648 GB |
| 4 K | 16,384 GB | 1,073,741,824 GB |
| 2 K | 8,192 GB | 536,870,912 GB |
Table 3.2: Maximum database size in Oracle 10g.
Maximum number of Database blocks allowed in a single datafile in 10gR2 are as follows:
Small File Tablespace (Normal Tablespace) : 4194303 (2^22 -1)
Big File Tablespace (New in 10gR2) : 4294967295 (2^32 -1)
Max datafile size for SMALL FILE NORMAL TABLESPACE would be:
| Database Block Size | Maximum Datafile File Size |
| 2k | 4194303 * 2k = 8 GB |
| 4k | 4194303 * 4k = 16 GB |
| 8k | 4194303 * 8k = 32 GB |
| 16k | 4194303 * 16k = 64 GB |
| 32k | 4194303 * 32k = 128 GB |
Max datafile size for BIG FILE TABLESPACE would be:
| Database Block Size | Maximum Datafile Size |
| 2k | 4294967295 * 2k = 8 TB |
| 4k | 4294967295 * 4k = 16 TB |
| 8k | 4294967295 * 8k = 32 TB |
| 16k | 4294967295 * 16k = 64 TB |
| 32k | 4294967295 * 32k = 128 TB |
In Oracle Database 10g, a new type of tablespace is introduced, called a BIGFILE tablespace.
The BIGFILE syntax must be specified during the tablespace creation as such:
Create bigfile tablespace MY_TS
The limitation of a BIGFILE tablespace is that it can ONLY have a SINGLE file in a tablespace.
By creating a tablespace using the BIGFILE syntax, Oracle increases the maximum number of blocks in a datafile from the 4 Million blocks mentioned above to a maximum of 4 Billion.
Now final max datafile size will be determined by :
LOWER(Max file size limit of Oracle, Max file size limit of OS)
The OS file size limit typically depends on OS and filesystem.
Example WINDOWS 32 bit OS:
==========================
Maximum Database block size : 16,384 bytes or 16 kilobytes (KB)
Maximum OS file size for a FAT file : 4 GB
Maximum OS file size for a NTFS file : 16 Exabytes (EB)
So maximum database file size with 16k DB_BLOCK_SIZE on WINDOWS 32 bit OS
on FAT filesystem is : LOWER (64 GB, 4 GB) = 4GB
on NTFS filesystem is : LOWER (64 GB, 16 EB) = 64GB
Please refer Oracle® Database Platform Guide 10g Release 2 (10.2) for Microsoft Windows (32-Bit)
Sandeep Lather 